Vol. XXX, n.1, 2009 ISSN: 0392-2936


european journal
of gynaecological oncology

an International Journal


Founding Editor
A. Onnis
Montréal (Canada)

Editors-in-Chief
M. Marchetti
Montréal (Canada)
P. Bösze
Budapest (Hungary)

Associate Editor
T. Maggino
Padua (Italy)

Assistant Editor
J. Wilson
San Diego - CA (USA)
Editorial Board
Allen H.H., London, Ontario (Canada)
Anteby S.O., Jerusalem (Israel)
Audet-Lapointe P., Montreal (Canada)
Ayhan A., Ankara (Turkey)
Balat O., Graziantep (Turkey)
Ba˘nceanu G., Bucarest (Romania)
Basta A., Krakow (Poland)
Bender H.C., Dusseldorf (Germany)
Benedetti Panici P.L., Rome (Italy)
Charkviani T., Tbilisi (Georgia)
De Oliveira C.F., Coimbra (Portugal)
Dexeus S. Jr., Barcelona (Spain)
Di Paola G.R.,
Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Di Re F., Milan (Italy)
Di Saia P., Orange, CA (USA)
Friedrich M., Hamburg (Germany)
Fuller A.F. Jr., Boston, MA (USA)
Geisler H.E., Indianapolis, IN (USA)
Gerbaulet A., Villejuif (France)
Gorins A., Paris (France)
Heintz A.P.M.,
Utrecht (The Netherlands)
Ioannidou-Mouzaka L.,
Athens (Greece)
Jordan J.A.,
Birmingham, England (UK)
Karseladze A.I., Moscow (Russia)
Klastersky J., Bruxelles (Belgium)
Kubista E., Vienna (Austria)
Maggino T., Padua (Italy)
Markowska J., Poznan (Poland)
Marth C., Innsbruck (Austria)
Massuger Leon F.A.G.,
Nijmegen (The Netherlands)
Menczer J., Savyon (Israel)
Monsonego J., Paris (France)
Pálfalvi L., Budapest, (Hungary)
Pinotti A., São Paulo (Brazil)
Piura B., Beer Sheva (Israel)
Piver S.M., Buffalo, NY (USA)
Rakar S., Ljubljana (Slovenia)
Raju K.S., London, England (UK)
Shepherd J.H.,
London, England (UK)
Stelmachów J., Warsaw (Poland)
Tjalma W., Antwerpen (Belgium)
Ungár L., Budapest (Hungary)
Vermorken J.B., Edegem (Belgium)
Wang P.-H., Taipei (Taiwan)
Winter R., Graz (Austria)
Yokoyama Y., Hirosaki (Japan)

Publishing Organization (M. Morsani):
I.R.O.G. CANADA, Inc. - 4900 Côte St-Luc - Apt # 212 - Montréal, Qué. H3W 2H3 (Canada)
Tel. +514-4893242 - Fax +514-4854513 - E-mail: canlux@mgroup-online.com - www.irog.net

Editorial Office (M. Critelli):
Galleria Storione, 2/A - 35123 Padua (Italy) - Tel. (39) 049 8756900 - Fax (39) 049 8752018

 

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GYNAECOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY (ISSN 0392-2936) publishes original peer reviewed works in the fields of female genital cancers and related subjects and also proceedings of gynecologic oncology society meetings all over the world. The Journal is covered by CURRENT CONTENTS, SCISEARCH, RESEARCH ALERT, INDEX MEDICUS, MEDLINE, EMBASE/ Excerpta Medica, CURRENT ADVANCES IN CANCER RESEARCH, BIOSIS.

 

European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology
www.irog.net


General Information

The EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GYNAECOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY (ISSN 0392-2936) publishes original peer reviewed work, preferably brief reports, in the fields of female genital cancers and related subjects – prevention, early detection, epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, management – and also proceedings of Gynaecologic Oncology Society meetings all over the world.

The Journal is covered by CURRENT CONTENTS, SCISEARCH, RESEARCH ALERT, INDEX MEDICUS, MEDLINE,
EMBASE/ Excerpta Medica, CURRENT ADVANCES IN CANCER RESEARCH, BIOSIS.

AIMS AND SCOPE
The EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GYNAECOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY is dedicated to publishing editorial articles in the “Distin-guished Expert Series” and original research papers, case reports, letters to the Editor, book reviews and newsletters.

The Journal was founded in 1980 – the second gynaecologic oncology hyperspecialization journal in the world. Its aim is the dif-fusion of scientific, clinical and practical progress and knowledge in female neoplastic diseases in an interdisciplinary approach among gynaecologists, oncologists, radiotherapists, surgeons, chemotherapists, pathologists, epidemiologists and so on.

ANNOUNCEMENTS regarding meetings, postgraduate courses and symposia will be accepted 6 months before publication and will be published free of charge.
BOOK SAMPLES for review should be sent to the Editorial offices in Montréal or in Padova.
COPYRIGHT: the Journal has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Reproductions are not allowed without the written consent of the Publisher. All photocopy fees should be paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 21 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970, USA stating the ISSN number, the volume and the first and last page numbers of each article copied.
ADVERTISING INFORMATION: advertising orders and inquiries may be sent to: I.R.O.G. CANADA Inc., Publisher, 4900 Côte St. Luc, Apt. 212, Montréal (Quebec) Canada H3W 2HS, Tél. 514.4893242-4893640 - Fax 514.4854513 - E-mail: canlux@mgroup-online.com - www.irog.net
RESPONSIBILITY: although every effort is made by the editorial staff and the printer to eliminate misleading or inaccurate infor-mation, the publisher accepts no responsibility for the consequences of faultful or incorrect information. The authors recognize that the editor and publisher have no responsibility and are indemnified against any liability or claim that may result from the publication of misleading or incorrect data.


SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION
The Journal is published bimonthly (January, March, May, July, September and November); one volume per year. Subscriptions start from January and are automatically renewed if not cancelled by the end of September.

Subscriptions include six issues per year plus supplements, monographs and all official communications of Meetings, Courses, Symposia and all scientific activities of Gynaecologic Oncology Societies all over the world.

Subscriptions are entered with prepayment only. The annual subscription is $390 US for Institutions, $200 US for Individuals. For airmail add $30, for receipt add $10 US. Single copy prepaid cost $95 US.

Send subscription requests with cheque or credit card payment (Amex - Visa - Diner’s - Master Card) to I.R.O.G. CANADA Inc., 4900 Côte St. Luc, Apt. 212, Montréal, Québec H3W 2H3 Canada. Only US Funds are accepted. No bank transfers.

Claims for missing issues can be honoured up to six months. Changes of address: allow six weeks for all changes to become effec-tive. All communications should include both old and new addresses (with postal codes) – better if accompanied by a mailing label from a recent issue – and should be sent to the printer: La Garangola, Via E. Dalla Costa 6, 35129 Padova (Italy) or by Fax +39.049.7806580. Claims should be made within six months of publication date.

Duplicate copies will not be sent to replace those undelivered through failure to notify of change of address.

Single copies and back issue and volume information is available from the printer, La Garangola, Padova, Tel. +39.049.8075557, Fax +39.049.7806580. Certain back issues may only be available as photocopies of the originals.

All other business correspondence including orders for offprints and advertising space and any communication and requests should be addressed to I.R.O.G. CANADA Inc., 4900 Côte St. Luc, Apt. 212, MONTRÉAL, QUÉBEC H3W 2H3 (Canada), tel. (514) 4893242, fax (514) 4854513.

IN ALL LEGAL MATTERS THE COURT OF MONTREAL IS COMPETENT

 

European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology
www.irog.net


Instructions to Authors

SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPTS
Papers should be submitted to A. ONNIS Editor-in-Chief of the EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GYNAECOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY, 4900 Côte St. Luc, Apt. 212 MONTREAL, QUÉBEC H3W 2H3 (Canada) - Tel. +514-4893242 - Fax +514-4854513, or Galleria Sto-rione 2/A - 35123 PADOVA (Italy) - Fax +39-049-8752018.

Editorial articles for publication in the “Distinguished Expert Series” should be submitted to P. Bösze, Editor-in-Chief of this section, Department of Gynecology, Saint Stephan Hospital, 1096 Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 1, Telephone (36-1) 275 2172, Fax (36-1)
275 2172, E-mail: bosze@axelero.hu

When a manuscript is submitted, an acknowledgement card is sent to the corresponding author within two or three weeks.

Submitted papers are reviewed by the Editor-in-Chief and his Peer Referees. Authors may be required to modify the manuscript according to the reviewers’ suggestions.

Manuscripts accepted for publication will be copyedited by the editorial staff for typographical and grammatical mistakes and to guarantee clarity and conciseness.

Publication time will be the shortest possible based on scientific and publishing needs. Manuscripts submitted for publi-cation cannot be returned.

Published papers will become property of the Journal and copyrighted under I.R.O.G. CANADA Inc.

After six months no grievances will be accepted regarding published articles.

All statements are the responsibility of the authors. Product dosages, indications and methods referred to in the papers reflect the author’s experience. No responsibility is assumed by the Editor-in-Chief or the Publisher for any damage from use of any products, operation methods or instructions contained in the published materials.

Trade names, trademarks, etc. are protected by the law and regulations. The Editor-in-Chief and the Publisher cannot accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made in press, particularly for information about drug dosage and appli-cation thereof contained in the Journal. Consult the prescribing information before administering any drug.

MANUSCRIPT REQUIREMENTS
The Journal follows the “Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals” published in the New England Journal of Medicine 1991, 324, 424-8 and in the British Medical Journal 1991, 302.

Three manuscripts, typed and double spaced should be submitted with an electronic disk, formatted in Word for Macintosh or Windows, version 6.0. Manuscripts without an electronic disk will not be accepted. A cover letter signed by all authors must state that all authors who have participated in the work take responsibility for the manuscript which has never been pub lished or submitted for publication elsewhere. Without a cover letter the publication will not be possible. Name, address and phone/fax numbers of the Corresponding Author, responsible for revision and approval of the proofs, should be indicated. Full-length articles should not exceed 8 printed pages including tables and references.

After the title page (full title and names of authors, institutions, eventual acknowledgement for financial support, running title of no more than 60 characters or spaces), original works should be arranged in the conventional order: Summary (purpose of investiga-tion, methods, results, conclusion - about 150 words), Key words, Content (a 20-word summary), Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgement (if any), References, Tables, Legends.

Authors should supply a complete address for reprint requests.

In the text only standard abbreviations can be used and must be avoided in the title. The full term for which an abbreviation stands should precede its first use in the summary and text unless it is a standard unit of measurement.

Authors must give their complete professional identifications and affiliations, including all academic titles and positions.

Letters to the editor should be brief (500 words or less) and offer objective, constructive and educational criticism of published material. The editor reserves the right to publish.

Figures: Two original copies (not negatives) of each figure are requested. Each figure should have a label on the back indicating its number, author’s name and top of the figure. Do not write on the back of the figures and do not mount them on cardboard. If sending colour pictures advise if they must be printed in colour or black and white (colour costs ten times more).

Legends should be typed on a separate page with Arabic numerals corresponding to the illustrations.

Tables should be titled, typed in double space on separate pages and numbered in Arabic numerals in the order of their first cita-tion
in the text. Do not use internal rules. Only standard, universally understood abbreviations should be used.

References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. Identify references in the text, tables, and legends by Arabic numerals in parentheses.

Use the style of the examples below, which are based with slight modifications on the format used by the U.S. National Library of Medicine in Index Medicus. The titles of journals should be abbreviated according to the style used in Index Medicus.

References must be verified by the Author(s) against the original documents.

Examples of correct forms of references are given below:

Articles in Journals: Authors’ surname and initials (if more than six names, give six followed by “et al.”), Title, Abbreviated Journal Title, Year of Publication, Volume, Issue and first page.

Books: Authors’ surname and initials, title of the book and title of chapter, in: Title, Editor(s), Place, Publisher, Year, Page.

Acknowledgments
will be limited to appropriate professionals who were contributors to the paper.

PROOFS revised by the editorial staff will be sent to the corresponding author and should be checked and returned within ten days. The corresponding author is responsible for detecting typesetting errors. After this deadline the proofs will be considered approved. Only essential corrections should be made; extensive changes will be charged to the authors.

BUSINESS MATTERS
The Journal has no commercial advertisements.

Authors will be expected to contribute to the printing expenses, tables, figures and postage. For every published article a copy of the Journal will be provided free of charge. Only payments in US dollars will be accepted. No bank transfers.

Reprints should be requested with the form enclosed with the acceptance letter. No free reprints will be supplied.



© By I.R.O.G. CANADA INC. - Publisher - Editorial office 4900 Côte St. Luc - Apt. 212 - Montréal Québec H3W 2H3 (Canada) - Tel. (514) 4893242-4893640 - Fax (514) 4854513 - Printed in Italy by “La Garangola” - Via E. Dalla Costa, 6 - 35129 Padua (Italy) - Responsible Director: Prof. Antonio Onnis M.D. - Authorization of Padua’s Court n. 633 - 28-6-1979
   
European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology - Vol. XXX, n. 1, 2009
 
   
CONTENTS  
DISTINGUISHED EXPERT SERIES  
Chemotherapy and the future: microdialysis as a local administration technique 5
F.C. Martins, C.F. de Oliveira - Coimbra, PORTUGAL
Applications and limitations of the microdialysis technique for local-regional chemotherapy are evaluated.
 
 
REVIEW ARTICLE  
Bilateral breast metastasis of ovarian carcinoma 9
P. Dursun, F.B. Yanik, E. Kuscu, M. Gultekin, A. Ayhan - Ankara, TURKEY
The clinicopathological features of patients with bilateral breast metastasis originating from ovarian carcinoma are summarized.
 
Ovarian transposition for the preservation of ovarian function in young patients with cervical carcinoma 13
P. Dursun, A. Ayhan, F.B. Yanik, E. Kus¸çu - Ankara, TURKEY
Radiotherapy and/or surgery irreversibly destroy the reproductive capacity of young women with cervical carcinoma, however ovarian transposition (OT) may protect ovarian functions in these patients. Indications, techniques and functional outcomes of OT are reviewed.
 
 
ORIGINAL ARTICLES  
Fractional allelic loss as a potential biomarker of risk prediction in early-stage mucinous ovarian tumors of low malignant potential 16
K. Nakayama, N. Nakayama, M. Ishibashi, S. Yeasmin, M. Fukumoto, K. Miyazaki - Senday, JAPAN
Non-random chromosome gains and losses with cisplatin-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer was documented. Genes on these regions were related to drug-resistant phenotypes.
 
Radiation therapy in cervical carcinoma: fifteen years experience in a Norwegian health region 20
E. Lorenz, T. Strickert, B. Hagen - Trondheim, NORWAY
A retrospective study on primary radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma is presented together with long-term results on survival and late tissue reactions.
 
The influence of intraoperative tumor rupture on recurrence risk in Stage Ic epithelial ovarian cancer 25
C.S. Goudge, Z. Li, L.S. Downs Jr. - Minneapolis, MN (USA)
In early ovarian cancer, intraoperative tumor rupture carries a negative prognostic significance. The outcomes of patients assigned to Stage Ic were evaluated for this reason.
 
The up-regulation of KCC1 gene expression in cervical cancer cells by IGF-II through the ERK1/2- MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways and its significance 29
S. Zhang, X. Wu, T. Jiang,Y. Lu, L. Ma, M. Liang, X. Sun - Shenyang, CHINA
IGF-II can enhance KCC1 gene expression in cervical cancer cells through the ERK1/2MAPK and PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathways.
 
Well differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus: a cancer unit or centre case? 35
S. Attard Montalto, A. Hakmi, K.S. Raju, M. Coutts, A.J. Papadopoulos, O. Devaja - Maidstone Kent, UK
A study investigating what proportion of cases showing a well differentiated endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma in the hysterectomy specimen had adverse pathological features or advanced stage disease at the time of presentation.
 
Chemotherapy (CT) with radiotherapy versus CT alone for FIGO Stage IIIc endometrial cancer 40
M. Matsuura, T. Suzuki, M. Morishita, R. Tanaka, E. Ito, T. Saito - Sapporo, JAPAN
The outcome of patients affected by FIGO Stage III C endometrial cancer was compared in relation to therapy: CT plus RT versus CT alone.
 
Primary cervical cancer truly negative for high-risk human papillomavirus is a rare but distinct entity that can affect virgins and young adolescents 45
C. Liebrich, O. Brummer, R. Von Wasielewski, G. Wegener, C. Meijer - T. Iftner, K.U. Petry - Tübingen, GERMANY
Rare types of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix may be unrelated to HPV and differ from common HPV-induced tumours in the epidemiology and natural course.
 
A retrospective analysis of twenty-eight borderline ovarian tumours in adolescent girls 49
P. Tsikouras, V. Liberis, G. Galazios, C. Panagiotidou, S. Bouchlariotou, A.T. Teichmann, G. Maroulis - Thrace, GREECE
Evaluation of conservative surgical treatment of borderline ovarian tumours in teenagers.
 
Inhibitory effects of c-erbB-2 antisense oligonucleotide transfection on uterine endometrial cancer Ishikawa cell lines 54
F.J. Zhao, S.L. Zhang, L. Ma, H. Gao. Z.H. Zong - Shen Yang, P.R. CHINA
Transfecting c-erbB-2 ASODN can obviously suppress its mRNA and protein expression in ISHIKAWA cells causing cellular apoptosis and inhibiting cell growth, and may have an important role in the gene therapy of endometrial cancer.
 
Effects of quercetin on proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion and migration, and invasion of HeLa cells 60
W. Zhang, F. Zhang - Hubei, CHINA
It was determined that quercetin has the function of inhibiting breeding of HeLa cells inducing apoptosis of the cells that inhibit adhesion, migration and invasion of HeLa cells.
 
Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus 2 in cervical carcinoma associated with human papillomavirus detected in paraffin-sectioned samples 65
A. Kwa´sniewska, E. Korobowicz, M. Zdunek, M. Skoczv´nski, W. Kwa´sniewski, J. Danilos, A. Go´zdzicka- Józefiak - Lublin, POLAND
The frequency of occurrence of HPV and co-infection with chlamydia trachomatis and HSV-2 in cervical cancer is reported.
 
Clinicopathologic analysis: relationship between endometrial carcinoma and uninvolved endometrium 71
C. Dane, Z. Tatar, B. Dane, A. Cetin - Istanbul, TURKEY
The clinicopathologic features of endometrial carcinoma originating from a hyperplastic base, and histopathologic and clinical features of endometrial carcinoma originating from an atrophic base were not very different.
 
Results of conservative surgery for recurrent borderline ovarian tumors 75
B. Cheng, X. Wan, X. Qian,W. Lv, X. Xie - Hangzhou, CHINA
A second conservative surgery for patients with recurrent borderline ovarian tumors should still be considered for women who are young and desire preservation of fertility.
 
Radical hysterectomy for invasive cervical cancer during pregnancy: A retrospective analysis of a single institution experience 79
Y. Watanabe, M. Tsuritani, T. Kataoka, K. Kanemura, M. Shiina, H. Ueda, H. Hoshiai - Osaka, JAPAN
Radical hysterectomy in pregnant women can be safely performed on either the fetus in situ or following cesarean section.
 
Hormone therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer survivors: a survey among obstetrician-gynaecologists 82
D. Vavilis, M. Zafrakas, D.G. Goulis, K. Pantazis, T. Agorastos, J.N. Bontis - Thessaloniki GREECE
A survey among obstetricians-gynaecologists practising in Greece showed that most physicians would not prescribe hormone therapy to postmenopausal breast cancer survivors.
 
Intraoperative estimation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer by imprint cytology 85
V. Limberis, C. Romanidis, G. Galazios, G. Koutsougeras, N. Papadopoulos, M. Lambropoulou, C. Simopoulos - Thrace, GREECE
Touch imprint cytology is an alternative solution for intraoperative evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer.
 
 
CASE REPORTS  
Primary malignant melanoma arising in an ovarian cystic teratoma 88
T. O’Gorman, A. Olaitan - London, UK
Description of a rare case of primary ovarian malignant melanoma associated with an ipsilateral carcinoid tumour and a contralateral endometrioid adenocarcinoma.
 
Cerebral nocardia masquerading as metastatic CNS disease in an endometrial cancer patient 90
N.B. Rettenmaier, H.D. Epstein, S. Oi, P.A. Robinson, B.H. Goldstein - Newport Beach, CA (USA)
A case of cerebral nocardia mimicking metastatic CNS disease in an endometrial cancer patient previously treated by surgery and chemotherapy is presented.
 
Carcinosarcomas of the uterus and ovary: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 11 cases 93
A. Kondi-Pafiti, D. Grapsa, D. Hasakios, K. Gennatas, S. Fotiou - Athens, GREECE
Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of 11 cases of carcinosarcomas located in the uterine corpus and the ovary are presented.
 
Ovulation stimulation after treatment for a molar pregnancy - for or against? 98
M. Gojnic, V. Dugalic, M. Brankovic, M. Pervulov, B. Vasiljevic, A. Fazlagic - Belgrade, SERBIA
A case of a 29-year-old patient who underwent in vitro fertilization due to secondary sterility, after a spontaneous but molar pregnancy, is described.
 
Rectal cancer and pregnancy: report of two cases 100
A. Kolusari, G. Ugurluer, C. Kotan, H.G. Sahin, M. Kamaci - Van, TURKEY
Two cases of pregnancy associated with rectal cancer are reported.
 
Peritoneal implantations of papillary serous ovarian cystadenocarcinoma 13 days after initial laparoscopic treatment for a presumed benign ovarian cyst 103
D. Papoutsis, A. Rodolakis, D Haidopoulos, M. Sotiropoulou, A. Antsaklis - Athens, GREECE
A case of peritoneal implantations of a papillary serous ovarian cystadenocarcinoma 13 days after laparoscopic treatment for an initially presumed benign ovarian cyst is presented.
 
Amelanotic malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix with ten years follow-up 106
V.D. Mandato, B. Kobal, A. Di Stefano, J. Sinkovec, A. Levicnik, S. Rakar, L. Costagliola - Naples, ITALY
A case of a patient with amelanotic malignant melanoma of the cervix is described with particular attention to diagnostic procedures, histopathological findings and therapy.
 
Primary adenocarcinoid tumor of the ovary arising in mature cystic teratoma. A case report 110
T. Gungor, O. Altinkaya, M. Ozat, L. Sirvan, H. Yalcin, L. Mollamahmutoglu - Ankara, TURKEY
A case of a 47-year-old pregnant woman diagnosed with an ovarian adenocarcinoid tumor developing from a mature teratoma is described.