Vol. XXXI, no. 2, 2010 ISSN: 0392-2936


european journal
of gynaecological oncology

an International Journal


Founding Editor
A. Onnis
Montréal (Canada)

Editors-in-Chief
M. Marchetti
Montréal (Canada)
P. Bösze
Budapest (Hungary)

Associate Editor
T. Maggino
Padua (Italy)

Assistant Editor
J. Wilson
San Diego - CA (USA)
Editorial Board
Allen H.H., London, Ontario (Canada)
Ayhan A., Ankara (Turkey)
Balat O., Graziantep (Turkey)
Ba˘nceanu G., Bucarest (Romania)
Basta A., Krakow (Poland)
Bender H.C., Dusseldorf (Germany)
Charkviani T., Tbilisi (Georgia)
Chiarelli S., Padua (Italy)
De Oliveira C.F., Coimbra (Portugal)
Dexeus S. Jr., Barcelona (Spain)
Di Paola G.R.,
Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Di Re F., Milan (Italy)
Di Saia P., Orange, CA (USA)
Elit L., Hamilton (Canada)
Friedrich M., Hamburg (Germany)
Geisler H.E., Indianapolis, IN (USA)
Gorins A., Paris (France)
Heintz A.P.M.,
Utrecht (The Netherlands)
Ioannidou-Mouzaka L.,
Athens (Greece)
Jordan J.A.,
Birmingham, England (UK)
Klastersky J., Bruxelles (Belgium)
Kubista E., Vienna (Austria)
Lee Y.S., Daegu (South Korea)
Markowska J., Poznan (Poland)
Marth C., Innsbruck (Austria)
Massuger Leon F.A.G.,
Nijmegen (The Netherlands)
Menczer J., Savyon (Israel)
Monsonego J., Paris (France)
Pálfalvi L., Budapest, (Hungary)
Piura B., Beer Sheva (Israel)
Piver S.M., Buffalo, NY (USA)
Rakar S., Ljubljana (Slovenia)
Shepherd J.H.,
London, England (UK)
Smit B.J., Tygerberg (South Africa)
Stelmachów J., Warsaw (Poland)
Syrjänen K., Turku (Finland)
Tjalma W., Antwerpen (Belgium)
Ungár L., Budapest (Hungary)
Vermorken J.B., Edegem (Belgium)
Wang P.H., Taipei (Taiwan)
Winter R., Graz (Austria)
Yokoyama Y., Hirosaki (Japan)

Publishing Organization (M. Morsani):
I.R.O.G. CANADA, Inc. - 4900 Côte St-Luc - Apt # 212 - Montréal, Qué. H3W 2H3 (Canada)
Tel. +514-4893242 - Fax +514-4854513 - E-mail: canlux@mgroup-online.com - www.irog.net

Editorial Office (M. Critelli):
Galleria Storione, 2/A - 35123 Padua (Italy) - Tel. (39) 049 8756900 - Fax (39) 049 8752018

 

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GYNAECOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY (ISSN 0392-2936) publishes original peer reviewed works in the fields of female genital cancers and related subjects and also proceedings of gynecologic oncology society meetings all over the world. The Journal is covered by CURRENT CONTENTS, SCISEARCH, RESEARCH ALERT, INDEX MEDICUS, MEDLINE, EMBASE/ Excerpta Medica, CURRENT ADVANCES IN CANCER RESEARCH, BIOSIS.

 

European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology
www.irog.net


General Information

The EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GYNAECOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY (ISSN 0392-2936) publishes original peer reviewed work, preferably brief reports, in the fields of female genital cancers and related subjects – prevention, early detection, epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, management – and also proceedings of Gynaecologic Oncology Society meetings all over the world.

The Journal is covered by CURRENT CONTENTS, SCISEARCH, RESEARCH ALERT, INDEX MEDICUS, MEDLINE,
EMBASE/ Excerpta Medica, CURRENT ADVANCES IN CANCER RESEARCH, BIOSIS.

AIMS AND SCOPE
The EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GYNAECOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY is dedicated to publishing editorial articles in the “Distin-guished Expert Series” and original research papers, case reports, letters to the Editor, book reviews and newsletters.

The Journal was founded in 1980 – the second gynaecologic oncology hyperspecialization journal in the world. Its aim is the dif-fusion of scientific, clinical and practical progress and knowledge in female neoplastic diseases in an interdisciplinary approach among gynaecologists, oncologists, radiotherapists, surgeons, chemotherapists, pathologists, epidemiologists and so on.

ANNOUNCEMENTS regarding meetings, postgraduate courses and symposia will be accepted 6 months before publication and will be published free of charge.
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European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology
www.irog.net


Instructions to Authors

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Papers should be submitted to A. ONNIS Editor-in-Chief of the EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GYNAECOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY, 4900 Côte St. Luc, Apt. 212 MONTREAL, QUÉBEC H3W 2H3 (Canada) - Tel. +514-4893242 - Fax +514-4854513, or Galleria Sto-rione 2/A - 35123 PADOVA (Italy) - Fax +39-049-8752018.

Editorial articles for publication in the “Distinguished Expert Series” should be submitted to P. Bösze, Editor-in-Chief of this section, Department of Gynecology, Saint Stephan Hospital, 1096 Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 1, Telephone (36-1) 275 2172, Fax (36-1)
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© By I.R.O.G. CANADA INC. - Publisher - Editorial office 4900 Côte St. Luc - Apt. 212 - Montréal Québec H3W 2H3 (Canada) - Tel. (514) 4893242-4893640 - Fax (514) 4854513 - Printed in Italy by “La Garangola” - Via E. Dalla Costa, 6 - 35129 Padua (Italy) - Responsible Director: Prof. Antonio Onnis M.D. - Authorization of Padua’s Court n. 633 - 28-6-1979
   
European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology - Vol. XXXI, no. 2, 2010
 
   
CONTENTS  
DISTINGUISHED EXPERT SERIES  
The columnar epithelium hypothesis of cervical carcinogenesis 137
O. Reich - Graz, AUSTRIA
It is hypothesized that cervical carcinogenesis starts with HPV infection of the columnar epithelium.
 
 
REVIEW ARTICLES  
Future directions in the field of endometrial cancer research: the need to investigate the tumor microenvironment 139
A.S. Felix, J. Weissfeld, R. Edwards, F. Linkov - Pittsburgh, PA (USA)
An overview of the importance of studying the tumor microenvironment in relation to the development and progression of
endometrial cancer.
 
ORIGINAL ARTICLES  
The clinical use of type 1 interferon in gynecology 145
M.C. Ramos, M.C. Mardegan, N.R. Tirone, M.A. Michelin, E.F.C. Murta - Minas Gerais, BRAZIL
Development of new formulations of interferon is needed to match the demand for its use in oncology treatment.
 
Vitamin D-1 -hydroxylase and vitamin D-24-hydroxylase in benign and malign breast tissue 151
T. Cordes, D. Fischer, M. Thill, S. Becker, M. Friedrich, D. Salehin - Krefeld, GERMANY
The expression of vitamin D3 1α-OHase and 24-OHase in benign and malign breast tissues was analyzed.
 
Prognostic significance of intratumoral vascular endothelial growth factor as a marker of tumour
angiogenesis in epithelial ovarian cancer
156
G.K. Siddiqui, K. Elmasry, A.C. Wong Te Fong, C. Perrett, R. Morris, J.C.C. Crow, A.B. Maclean - London,
UK
VEGF-A expression is an independent prognostic indicator and may identify patient subgroups in which anti-angiogenic therapy
is more effective.
 
Expression and significance of -catenin, Glut-1 and PTEN in proliferative endometrium, endometrial
intraepithelial neoplasia and endometrioid adenocarcinoma
160
Y. Xiong, Y.Y. Xiong, Y.F. Zhou - Wuhan, CHINA
Exploration of expression patterns of β-catenin, Glut-1 and PTEN as markers for EIN diagnosis.
 
Occurrence of malignancy in endometrial polyps during postmenopause 165
B. Mossa, F. Torcia, F. Avenoso, S. Tucci, R. Marziani - Rome, ITALY
The study was performed on 351 patients with endometrial polyps to evaluate the occurrence of endometrial polyp malignancy
in pre- and postmenopause.
 
The effects of genital Schistosoma haematobium on human papillomavirus and the development of
cervical neoplasia after five years in a Zimbabwean population
169
E.F. Kjetland, P.D. Ndhlovu, T. Mduluza, V. Deschoolmeester, N. Midzi, E. Gomo, L. Gwanzura, P.R.
Mason, J.B. Vermorken, H. Friis, S.G Gundersen, M.F.D. Baay - Wilrijk, BELGIUM
The impact of Schistosoma haematobium on persistent HPV in rural Zimbabwean women at high-risk was investigated.
 
Recent trends in incidence, mortality and survival after cancer of the female breast and reproductive
organs. Umbria, Italy: 1978-2005
174
D. D’Alò, F. Stracci, T. Cassetti, M. Scheibel, C. Pascucci, F. La Rosa - Perugia, ITALY
Breast and cervical cancer occurrence was linked to population screening; incidence of uterine and ovarian cancer was probably
related to modifications in risk factor exposure.
 
The value of proliferation indexes in breast cancer 181
G. Karanikas, N. Koronakis, E.E. Lagoudianakis, D. Grosomanidis, G. Karavitis, I. Koukoutsis, A. Pappas,
K. Kotzadimitriou, A. Papadima, J. Chrysikos, G. Zografos, G. Xepapadakis, A. Manouras - Athens, GREECE
The role of Ki-67 antigen and its immunoreactivity as a prognostic marker of neoplasias.
 
Epidemiological modelling of risk factors of human papilloma virus in women with positive cytology
in the county of Csongrád
185
L. Kalmár, J. Deák, L. Thurzó, A. Pál, E. Bernad, T.A. Nyári - Szeged, HUNGARY
This study provides evidence that HPV infection and smoking are associated with an increased risk of positive cytology in
women.
 
Verification of the accuracy of cervical cytology reports in women referred for colposcopy 187
K. Papathanasiou, A. Daniilidis, I. Koutsos, C. Sardeli, C. Glannoulis, J. Tzafettas - Thessaloniki, GREECE
Of patients with severe dyskaryotic smears 80%-90% will have a histology report confirming CIN III. A “see and treat” management
can be decided sometimes, if supported by the colposcopic findings and an audit should confirm accuracy to, at least, 90% of
cases.
 
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure in Greek patients with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia 191
E. Terzakis, G. Androutsopoulos, G. Derdelis, D. Zygouris, C. Grigoriadis, N. Apostolikas - Athens, GREECE
Electrosurgery on vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.
 
 
CASE REPORTS  
Preservation of ovarian function by ovarian transposition prior to concurrent chemotherapy and pelvic
radiation for cervical cancer. A case report and review of the literature
194
M.C.W.M. Bloemers, L. Portelance, C. Legler, M.C. Renaud, S.L. Tan - Quebec, CANADA
A case of preservation of ovarian function and regular normal menstrual cycles after pelvic cisplatin-based chemoradiation is
reported together with a literature review.
 
External iliac artery ligation due to late postoperative rupture after radical lymphadenectomy for
advanced ovarian cancer - two case reports
198
C. Fotopoulou, U. Neumann, R. Kraetschell, W. Lichtenegger, J. Sehouli - Berlin, GERMANY
Operative management of late postoperative rupture of the external iliac artery after radical lymphadenectomy in advanced
ovarian cancer.
 
A novel technique for surgical reconstruction of the perineal floor following anteroposterior
exenteration of the pelvis - case report and review of the literature
201
M.A. Kyriazi, V.K. Stafyla, A. Kondi-Pafiti, N. Arkadopoulos, N. Dafnios, D. Hasiakos, S. Fotiou, D.
Mastorakos, V. Smyrniotis - Athens, GREECE
A novel technique for the surgical reconstruction of the perineal floor following anteroposterior exenteration of the pelvis.
 
Usefulness of routine intraoperative staging of suspicious adnexal tumours: illustration by two cases of
adult granulosa cell tumour
206
A.S. Bats, F. Larousserie, M.A. Le Frère-Belda, U. Metzger, F. Lécuru - Paris, FRANCE
Extensive abdominal exploration in patients with a suspicious ovarian mass is useful to obviate the need for a second staging procedure.
 
A rare case of ovarian Burkitt lymphoma associated tumor lysis syndrome 209
Tao Cui, Chao Wang, Haining He, Gang Shi, Lina Hu - Shanghai, CHINA
A rare case of a patient who died of tumor lysis syndrome after surgical and chemotherapeutical treatment for ovarian Burkitt lymphoma
is reported.
 
Primary adenocarcinoma of the rectovaginal septum arising in pregnancy in the absence of endometriosis 211
G. Giordano, A. Bersiga, G. Marchetti, M. Melpignano - Cremona, ITALY
A case of primary adenocarcinoma of the rectovaginal septum arising in pregnancy is reported with the clinical and pathological
findings.
 
Primary serous papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum mimicking pelvic actinomycosis: a case report
and brief literature review
214
J.H. Hwang, S.H. Song, K.A. Kim, B.K. Shin, J.K. Lee, N.W. Lee, K.W. Lee - Seoul, KOREA
Pelvic CT and MRI were limited in their ability to differentiate inflammation, such as actinomycosis, from primary carcinoma of
the peritoneum.
 
Cervical cancer metastasis to the scalp: case report and literature review 217
H. Takagi, S. Miura, K. Matsunami, T. Ikeda, A. Imai - Gifu, JAPAN
A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix in a patient who presented with isolated scalp metastasis.
 
Ovarian metastasis following gallbladder carcinoma: a case report 219
C. Carlomagno, L. Insabato, G. Bifulco, S. De Placido, R. Lauria - Naples, ITALY
A case of ovarian metastases from gallbladder cancer incidentally diagnosed about 2.5 years earlier during a laparoscopic intervention
for biliary lithiasis.
 
Granular cell tumor of the female genital system. Clinical and pathologic characteristics of five cases
and literature review
222
A. Kondi-Pafiti, E. Kairi-Vassilatou, A. Liapis, K. Bakalianou, Ch. Iavazzo, D. Hasiakos - Athens, GREECE
Characteristics of five cases of granular cell tumor developing in the vulva and breast.
 
Borderline tumour arising in a transposed ovary in utero: a rare complication of the Estes operation 225
J.W. van den Brink, E. Winkel, R.A.K. Samlal - Heerlen, THE NETHERLANDS
A case of a 69-year-old patient with a borderline tumour arising in a transposed ovary after an Estes operation is presented.
 
Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of the cervix in a patient with a high-grade cervical squamous
intraepithelial lesion: case report and review of the literature
227
I. Papastefanou, P. Panagopoulos, S. Samolis, S. Karadaglis, M. Katsoulis - Pireaus, GREECE
A rare case of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma diagnosed after conisation for cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial
lesion.
 
Dissecting cotyledonoid leiomyoma: a rare cause of chronic intractable menorrhagia (not amenable to
medical treatment). Case report
230
T.O. Adedipe, S.J. Vine - London, UK
Sternberg tumour, a cause of intractable menorrhagia, is quite rare with potential alarming macroscopic features leading to
over-aggressive treatment.
 
Primary melanoma of the vagina: a case report 233
S. Samolis, P. Panagopoulos, N. Kanellopoulos, I. Papastefanou, S. Karadaglis, M. Katsoulis - Pireaus,
GREECE
The case of a primary vaginal melanoma in an 85-year-old patient is presented.
 
Book Review 235